PRINTING AND PUBLICATION
PART – A
1. Printing
·
Transferring ink on to paper or any other
material is called printing.
· Letter press, offset, gravure, flexography and screen printing are types of printing methods
2. EM space
·
An em is an unit in the
field of typography.
·
An em space is a term
derived from the width of the capital "M".
·
A font is a set of printable
text character in a specific style & size.
·
It is measured in point
size. Times New Roman, Arial some of the examples of font face.
·
A small leaflet containing
information about a single subject is called pamphlet.
· It may consist of a single sheet of paper that is printed on single side or both sides.
5. Sensitized plate
·
It is a printing plate used
in offset printing.
·
It is already have a coating
of light-sensitive material, so they can be directly be exposed.
·
It is a single piece of hot
metal type (letter) used in letter press printing.
·
Single pieces of type fonts are
composed to form words, lines and paragraph.
·
It is one of the principles
of design.
· It means the elements in the design belongs together.
8. RGB / additive colors
·
It is called additive
primary colours.
·
By mixing of these three
colors we get white color.
· Mixing of red and green produce Yellow, red and blue produce Magenta, blue and green Cyan.
9. CMYK / subtractive colors
·
It is called as subtractive
primary colors.
·
By mixing these three colors
we get black color.
·
Mixing of yellow and magenta
produce Red, cyan and yellow produce green and cyan and magenta produce blue
colors.
·
This is the space between
the letters in a word.
·
It is called kerning.
·
·
It is one of the principles
of design which equally distributes the object on both the sides.
·
It can be symmetrical or
asymmetrical balance.
·
A typeface with dark and
heavy strokes is called bold face.
· Ex – Arial black, Badoni, etc or we can give bold effect to normal font
13. Brochure
·
A brochure is an informative document, that can be
folded into a template, or leaflet.
·
Brochures are advertising pieces mainly used to introduce a
company to inform about the product.
·
A line cast in a single
piece is called linotype.
·
This is used in letterpress
printing.
· Here no manual composition of word or line.
15. Matrix
·
It is used to prepare
linotype hot metal.
·
It is used in letter press
printing.
·
A single line is cast in a
single piece using matrix.
·
Typeface is one that does
not have the small projecting features called sans serif.
·
The font has uniform
thickness of strokes
·
Example – Arial, Verdana,
Tahoma.
·
This is the size of the type
font whether big or small in size.
·
It is measured in point
size. Ex- 12 point, 24 point.
·
·
Red, yellow, and blue are the primary
colors.
·
A colour resulting from the
mixing of two primary colours is called secondary colors.
·
Violet, orange, and green
are the secondary colors.
·
It is used in
gravure printing.
·
A thin plastic strip which is used to wipe excess ink from
gravure cylinder is called doctor blade.
·
It is used in off-set
printing process.
·
It is a rubber material
which is tightly fixed on the blanket cylinder.
· It gets image from plate cylinder and transferred on to paper.
22. Resolution
·
Number of pixels per square
inch/cm is called resolution.
·
The bitmap images quality
are determined by resolution. Ex 300 DPI.
23. Vector image
·
Vector images are made up of lines and
curves.
·
It is measurement based drawings.
·
The image quality will not be lost when
enlarging the size.
·
It is used to scan large
size images in a high resolution.
· Rotating drum is used to scan the image.
25. Grid
·
A horizontal and vertical
line that cross each other to form a series of squares or rectangles is called
grid.
·
It is available in all the
designing software’s to align the object.
·
It is a printing technique whereby a
screen is used to transfer ink onto paper.
·
·
This printing method is used
for low quantity printing.
·
It simulates continuous tone imagery through the use of dots,
varying either in size or in spacing, thus generating a gradient like effect.
·
Images are converted into
halftone before it goes to letterpress printing
·
The visual weight is
distributed evenly, either vertically or horizontally
· If you cut the design in half, the left and right are mirror images of each other.
29. Hot metal type
·
Monotype and linotype metals
are called as hot metal types.
·
The hot metal in the molten
state is formed as metal font.
·
Providing space between the
lines is called leading.
·
This is to adjust the space
in a paragraph.
31. Colour theory
·
It is a body of practical guidance to color mixing and the
visual effects of a specific color combination.
· Ex - primary color, secondary color and tertiary color.
32. Type casting
·
Preparing monotype and
linotype is called type casting.
·
The metal is heated, and the
type fonts are casted in the machine.
·
Male and female dies are
there to cut the paper or board and to create a specific shape.
·
Ex- Box making involves the process
of die cutting to cut out unwanted areas to make box.
·
It produces high quality printing.
·
The print out we get is at high resolution.
·
It is the fastest method of printing suitable
for low quantity.
·
Offset printing is otherwise called as
planography printing.
·
Because image and non-image areas are at same
level in offset plate.
·
Charts are used to present the data in an
understanding manner.
·
Bar chart, pie chart, line chart are some of
the chart types used to present the data.
·
It is arranging the page for printing.
·
The elements of the page are arranged in a
systematic manner.
·
It is abbreviated as Pre Sensitized plate.
·
It is a coated Aluminium plate used for
offset plate making.
·
Drying is the process happens after printing.
·
Ink gets dry by oxidation method, and hot air
blower method.
·
It is abbreviated as Desk Top Publishing.
·
We can design using software and take small
number of print outs using computer and printer.
·
Photoshop, Indesign, Illustrator software’s
are used in DTP
·
It is the work done before the final
printing.
·
Art work preparing, negative and positive
making, plate making, proof reading are some of the pre press works.
·
Copy means the text and picture elements used
in the page makeup.
·
Based on the space given, the text or picture
size is modified.
·
It refers to the arrangement
of opposite elements (light vs. dark colors, rough vs. smooth textures, large
vs. small shapes, etc.) in a piece so as to create visual interest, excitement
and drama.
·
Contrast helps organize design and establish a hierarchy which
simply shows which parts of the design are
most important
·
An object, usually in the
shape of a block or a plate, used in printing to apply ink on the printed surface.
·
In typesetting, a form is imposed by a stoneman when he assembles the
loose components of a page into a locked arrangement, inside a chase,
ready for printing
·
Photographic printing paper
coated with silver bromide emulsion.
· It is sensitive to light to be used for large size photo prints.
46. X height
·
In typography, the x-height refers to the distance between the baseline and the
mean line in a typeface.
·
This is the height of the letter x in the font, as well as the u, v, w, and z.
·
Imprint
is an identification of a
publisher; a publisher's name along with the date and address and edition that
is printed at the
bottom of the title page.
·
An imprint of a publisher is a trade name under
which it publishes a work.
·
A single publishing company may have
multiple imprints.
·
The number of pixels per unit of length in a
design or monitor is resolution.
·
It is usually measured
in pixels per inch
(ppi).
·
It determines the quality of image.
·
A broadsheet is the
largest newspaper format and is characterized by long vertical pages (typically
22.5 in (57 cm)).
·
Other common newspaper
formats include the smaller Berliner and Tabloid formats.
·
Prototyping is essentially a
mockup of your design, visualizing roughly how it should be in its final
(ie, printed) format.
·
These printed materials are usually a
bit more complex, need folds and therefore deserve special attention before
they are produced.
·
Galley proofs or galleys are metal trays into
which type was laid and tightened into place.
·
A small proof press would
then be used to print a
limited number of copies for proofreading.
·
A ligature is a special character
that combines two (or sometimes three) characters into a single character.
· The “fi” and “fl” are examples of ligature
53. Intaglio / Gravure / Sunken printing
·
Intaglio
printing is the opposite of
relief printing, in that
the printing is done
from ink that is below the surface of the plate.
·
The design is cut,
scratched, or etched into the printing surface
or plate, which can be copper, zinc, aluminum, magnesium, plastics, or even
coated paper.
·
Digital
printing refers to methods
of printing from a digital-based image directly to a variety of
media.
·
It refers to professional
printing where small-run jobs from desktop publishing and other
digital printing include banner
·
A typesetter is a graphic design
professional who lays out text in preparation for printing or publishing.
·
They format, style and
arrange text and illustrations for publications.
·
The folio line is the line of text, usually at the top,
but sometimes at the bottom, on a newspaper page
that lists the name of the paper, the date of publication and the page number.
·
It is a way of arranging
sheets of papers in magazine, by
folding them in certain manner
·
An assembly of typeset matter, illustrations, etc, pasted on a sheet of paper or board and used as a guide or layout in the
production of a publication
·
A professional known
variously as a paste-up artist, layout artist, mechanical
artist, production artist, or compositor would cut the type into sections
and arrange it carefully across multiple columns.
·
Process
colors refers to the CMYK color model used in offset
printing.
·
An image is separated into
the four colors and
printed as a series of dots.
·
When viewed, the dots are
blended and appear as solid colors to
the human eye
·
Chroma refers to the degree of vividness
of a color, or how pure it
is compared to its representative on the color wheel.
·
It can also be called
saturation, or color intensity.
·
An en space is a rectangular piece
of metal or wood
·
This is mainly to provide
negative space (space between words) in printing
·
DPI is used to measure the
resolution of an image both on screen and in print.
·
The DPI measures how many
dots fit into a linear inch.
·
The higher the DPI, the more
detail can be shown in an image.
·
The area outside the printing and bleed areas of a
document is called slug.
·
It contains the registration
mark and other printing instructions
for the printer.
·
The type of paper used for
making a newspaper is called newsprint.
·
It is a low quality paper.
·
Newsprint is a low-cost, most commonly used to print newspapers and
other publications and advertising material.
·
Colour filters are used in
colour separation process.
·
It is a sheet of
transparent material that modifies a light beam by selective absorption of some
colours in relation to others.
·
Thumbnails are small sketches to visualize
any idea in a short amount of time.
·
Thumbnail
sketches are “used to explore
multiple ideas quickly
· It does not contains exact designing information’s
66. Pica
·
A pica contains 12 points in
typography.
·
Picas are typically used to
represent fixed horizontal measurements
·
They are commonly used when
designing newspapers, magazines, newsletters, and ads.
·
Picas are designated with
the letter p, such as 16p.
·
He
is called as father of printing.
·
Johannes
Gutenberg was a German
blacksmith and inventor known for developing
the first mechanical moveable type printing press.
·
He was a German goldsmith,
inventor, printer, and publisher who introduced printing to Europe with
the printing press
·
·
Papyrus is a material similar to thick
paper that was used in ancient times as a writing surface.
·
A Ludlow Typograph is a hot
metal typesetting system used in letterpress printing.
·
It was used to print
large-type material such as newspaper headlines or posters.
·
In typography, the point is
the smallest unit of measure.
·
It is used for measuring
font size, leading, and other items on a printed page.
·
Type set larger than 14 point is
usually considered to be “display” type, whether it appears on a
billboard or poster, a book or an advertisement in a magazine.
·
Also known as headline type, its objective is to attract and
hold a viewer's attention.
·
The gutter margin is a typographical
term used to designate an additional margin added to a page layout.
·
In a facing pages layout
the gutter margin is
on the very inside of both pages.
·
Web
offset is a form of offset printing in which a
continuous roll of paper is fed through the printing press.
·
Pages are separated and cut
to size after they have been printed.
·
Web
offset printing is used for
high-volume publications such as mass-market books, magazines, newspapers,
catalogs and brochures.
·
In letterpress printing and
typesetting, a composing stick is
a tray-like tool used to assemble pieces of metal type into words and lines
·
·
A tool possessing a wooden
or metal handle to which is attached a thin, flexible rubber or plastic blade.
· A squeegee is used in screen printing to force ink through the printing screen and onto the printing material.
76. Cartridge
·
Cartridge is a component of an inkjet printer that contains the ink
that is deposited onto paper during printing.
·
Each ink cartridge contains one or more
ink reservoirs
·
In typography, a serif is a
small line or stroke attached to the end of a larger stroke in a font.
·
A typeface or "font
family" making use of serifs is called a serif typeface
·
A typeface that does not
include them is a sans-serif font
·
In publishing, a masthead is a list at the top of
a page that includes the names of editors, writers, and owners, as well as the
title of the newspaper or
magazine.
·
You'll usually find
the masthead on one of
the first few pages.
·
An image setter is an ultra-high
resolution large-format computer output device
·
A very high-quality type of
colour printer used to print glossy magazines, newsletters, or other documents.
·
·
It resembles ordinary
typewriters but capable of producing justified lines in type.
·
Mini offset is a small size
offset machine mainly used for low quantity printing
·
It is simple to operate and low
production cost.