VIVA VOCE QUESTIONS
COMPUTER GRAPHICS PRACTICAL EXAM
· Graphics are visual images or designs on some surface, such as a wall, canvas, screen, paper, or stone to inform, illustrate, or entertain.
· It includes a pictorial representation of data in typesetting
and the graphic arts, and in educational and recreational software
2. Computer graphics
· Computer graphics - generating images with the aid of computers.
· There are two kinds of computer graphics - raster (composed of pixels) and vector (composed of paths).
3. Pixel
· It is the smallest element of raster / bitmap image
· Rows and columns of pixels forms an image
· Adobe Photoshop is the example for Pixel software
4. Raster image
· Raster images are more commonly called bitmap images.
· The images are made up of pixels
· Each pixel can be a different color or shade.
5. Vector image
· The images are made up of lines and curves
· It can infinitely adjust in size without losing resolution
· Coreldraw and Adobe Illustrator are examples for Vector software
6. DPI
· The resolution is expressed in dpi (or ppi), which is the acronym for dots (or pixels) per inch.
· If 72 dpi means that the image will have 72 pixels per inch; if 300 dpi means 300 pixels per inch.
7. Resolution
· Resolution is the fineness of detail in a bitmap image
· It is measured in pixels per inch (ppi).
· The more pixels per inch, the greater the resolution.
8. RGB color mode
·
Red, Green and
Blue colors produce image on screen.
·
The RGB model is
used by computer monitors to display colors.
· CMYK mode preparing an image to be printed using process colors.
10. Grey scale color mode
·
Grayscale mode
uses different shades of gray in an image.
·
In 8‑bit images,
there can be up to 256 shades of gray.
· Lab color describes how a color looks
12. Bitmap mode
· Bitmap mode uses one of two color values (black or white) to represent the pixels in an image.
13. Index color mode
·
Indexed Color
mode produces 8‑bit image files with up to 256 colors.
·
Indexed color can
reduce file size yet maintain the visual quality needed for multimedia
presentations, web pages, and the like.
·
Limited editing
is available in this mode. For extensive editing, you should convert
temporarily to RGB mode.
· An 8 bit image is made up of 256 tonal values for each color.
· Formula = 2n i.e 28 = 2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2 = 256
15. Primary colors
· The colors that cannot be obtained by mixing any other colors in any proportions are called primary colors.
· The primary colors of light are red, green, and blue.
· The reason for considering red, green and blue as primary colors is that all the other colors are made by mixing primary colors in suitable proportions.
· When red, green and blue colors are mixed together they make white light.
16. Secondary colors
· The colors produced by mixing any two primary colors of light are called secondary colors or composite colors.
· Magenta, cyan and yellow colors are secondary colors.
17. Complementary colors
·
Complementary colors are the two colors, which give white light
when mixed together.
·
For example, red
and cyan are complementary colors because they produce white light on mixing
together.
·
In the same way,
blue and yellow, and green and magenta are also complementary colors.
· Business cards help increase sales due to the power of personal networking.
· Visiting Card Size in MM: 88 mm X 55 mVisiting Card Size in inches: 3.5 in. X 2 in
· Business card size : 85mm X 55mm
19. Letter head
· A letterhead is a heading on the topmost sheet of business paper.
· It carries company name, address, contact details, and logo.
· It is used for all the documents and letters you create and send in your business.
· Letterhead is printed on A4 sheet (210 mm X 297 mm)
20. Brochure
· A well-designed brochure serves as a perfect introduction to business
· It can expand company's visibility
· A brochure is an informative paper document that can be folded into a template, pamphlet, or leaflet.
· It should include standard information, such as company name, contact information, a logo and tagline.
· It should also include a headline on the front and two or three brief items outlining benefits your organization can provide
21. Leaflet
· A leaflet is a small sheet of printed paper that puts across a short message clearly and concisely.
· Businesses use leaflets to advertise their products and services.
· They're often also used to let people know about new stores, special offers and events.
22. Pamphlet
· A pamphlet is an unbound book.
· Pamphlets may consist of a single sheet of paper that is printed on both sides and folded in half, in thirds, or in fourths, called a leaflet or it may consist of a few pages that are folded in half and saddle stapled at the crease to make a simple book
· They are mainly used for informing rather than direct selling
23. Booklet
· A Booklet is a small bound book that has a paper cover and a limited number of pages.
· For example, 5.5" x 8.5" is a very popular size for a printed booklet.
24. Poster
· A poster is a temporary promotion of an idea, product, or event put up in a public space for mass consumption.
· It includes both textual and graphic elements, although a poster may be either wholly graphical or wholly text.
· Posters are designed to be both eye-catching and informative.
· It is generally designed in A3 size
25. Banner
· Banner ads are image-based rather than text-based design
· It is big in size and placed in the public places to advertise
26. Logo
· Logo design is all about creating the perfect visual brand mark for a company.
· A logo is a graphic mark, emblem, symbol or stylized name used to identify a company, organization, product, or brand.
· It can be in the form of text or graphic design
27. Landscape and portrait orientation
· Landscape refers to an image that is wider than it is tall, that is, shot in a horizontal orientation.
· Portrait orientation - Portrait refers to an image that is taller than it is wide, that is, shot in a vertical orientation.
28. Importance of color in design
· Color is a significant component of visualization of information, concepts and ideas.
· It enhances the image, clarifies the information presented, and helps distinguish features.
· Color creates ideas, expresses messages, spark interest, and generate certain emotions.
· Some colors hold a universal significance- for example, it is commonly understood that red is a color for warning and green is means go
29. Characteristics of color
Yellow - It is associated with happiness, warmth and energy. We can use it for various purposes like, to produce children’s product, in the items related to leisure or in the restaurant interior. However, it should be avoided if you want to represent stability and safety. E.g.- yellow is used in sign boards since it highlights the instruction and important information. It attracts the eye thus promotes the message very well.
Red - Red is the color of blood thus it signifies energy, danger, strength, desire and love. It enhances human metabolism and raises the blood pressure. It allows a person to make quick decision and it’s a perfect choice for ‘buy now’ button on the web. E.g.- red is usually used with yellow by the fast food industry because it triggers stimulation, appetite and hunger.
Green - Green color belongs to the nature. It has a great healing power; moreover it’s the most relaxing color for the human eye. It indicates growth and hope. It can be used to promote green products since it has a direct connection to nature. E.g.- it is usually used in hospitals since it doesn’t shout for attention and also gives a calming effect.
Blue - It is related to the sky therefore it is often associated with depth and stability. It produces calming effect and slows human metabolism. It is also considered to be a masculine color and it is widely accepted among males. Eg. Blue is the most popular color on internet. It is a comparatively modern invention which also symbolizes trust, confidence and faith.
White - It is used to represent peace and purity. It is also considered to be color of perfection. White is the color of snow therefore it is used in advertising to signify coolness and cleanliness. E.g – it is the most desirable when it comes to cars because it denotes luxury, status and quality.
Orange - Orange represents creativity, adventure, enthusiasm, success, and balance. The color orange adds a bit of fun to any picture, website, or marketing material. Despite it is attracting color, it’s not as commanding as the color red. Many marketers still use the color for call to actions or areas of a website that they want to draw the eye too.
Pink - Pink is a popular color for brands that primarily serve a female audience. In color psychology, pink’s color meaning revolves around femininity, playfulness, immaturity and unconditional love. Some brands have chosen to use the color pink for the product packaging especially for girl’s toys. Whereas other brands highlight the pink color in their logo, website design, or to highlight key messages.
Purple - Purple is a royal color. The color meaning for purple is connected to power, nobility, luxury, wisdom, and spirituality. But avoid using the color too much as it can cause feelings of frustration. Some perceive its overuse as arrogant.
Black - Black is a popular color in retail. In color psychology, black color meaning is symbolic of mystery, power, elegance, and sophistication. In contrast, the color meaning can also evoke emotions such as sadness and anger. Many fashion retailers have used black in their logos. Black is also a popular color for text as it’s an easy color to read.
Grey - Grey color represents neutrality and balance. Its color meaning likely comes from being the shade between white and black. However, grey does carry some negative connotations, particularly when it comes to depression and loss. Its absence of color makes it dull. Grey can be used for font color, headers, graphics, and even products to appeal to a mass audience.Apple is an example of a brand who uses the color grey in their branding.
Brown - Brown is an earthy color. After all, it’s the color of earth, wood and stone. So naturally, color psychology highlights that the color meaning for brown relates to comfort, security and a down to earth nature. In marketing, you’ll find that brown is often used for natural products and food. Brown is a color that shows up in logos, banner images, and sometimes even text due to its contrast on a white background.
30. Typography
· Typography is the art and technique of arranging type to make written language legible, readable, and appealing when displayed.
· The arrangement of type involves selecting typefaces, point sizes, line lengths, line-spacing, and letter-spacing, and adjusting the space between pairs of letters.
31. Serif
· The small features on the ends of strokes in some fonts are known as “Serifs.”
· Example - Times New Roman, Georgia, Palatino and Garamond.
32.. Sans serif
· A sans-serif, sans serif is one that does not have extending features called "serifs" at the end of strokes.
· They are often used to convey simplicity and modernity.
· It has uniform thicknesses of stroke. Example – Arial. Verdana, Tahoma T
33. Version
· Software versioning is a way to categorize the unique states of computer software as it is developed and released.
· The version identifier is usually a word, a number, or both.
· Example – Adobe Photoshop CS1, CS2, CS3, …..
34. PSD
· PSD (Photoshop Document) is an image file format native to Adobe Photoshop
· It's an image editing friendly format that supports multiple image layers and various imaging options such as layer effects, filters, opacity, etc.
· PSD files are commonly used for containing high quality graphics data.
35. JPEG
· JPEG stands for “Joint Photographic Experts Group”.
· JPEG is a commonly used format for storing the edited images.
· It is easy to carry and send through email
36. PNG
· Portable Network Graphics is a raster-graphics file format that supports lossless data compression.
· It is ideal for digital art (flat images, logos, icons, etc.), and uses 24-bit color as a foundation.
· The ability to use a transparency (background) channel increases the versatility of this file type.
37. TIFF
· Tag Image File Format, abbreviated TIFF or TIF, is a computer file format for storing raster graphics images, popular among graphic artists, the publishing industry, and photographers
· TIFF is very common for transporting color or gray-scale images into page layout applications, but is less suited to delivering web content.
· TIFF files are large and of very high quality.
38. CDR
· A CDR file is a vector graphics file format.
· It is the file extension of CorelDRAW software.
39. AI
· AI file extension represents Adobe Illustrator Artwork file.
· It contains vector based graphics in a single page.
· The AI format is most used for creating logos and other print media designs.
40. Layout
· Layout refers to the way in which we arrange the elements on a page.
· The aim of layout is both to convey the message correctly and to present information in a logical, coherent way making the important elements stand out
41. DTP
· Desktop publishing (DTP) is the creation of documents using page layout software.
· It was first used almost exclusively for print publications, but now it also assists in the creation of various forms of online content.
42. Principles of design
The
principles of design are the rules a designer must follow to create an
effective composition that cleanly delivers a message to the audience. The
following are the principles of design
Balance -
Emphasis - Emphasis deals with the parts of a design that are meant to stand out. In most cases, this means the most important information the design is meant to convey. It can also be used to reduce the impact of certain information.
Proportion - Proportion is the visual size and weight of elements in a composition and how they relate to each other. It often helps to approach the design in section, instead of as a whole. It is the size of the elements in relation to one another. Larger elements are more important than smaller elements.
Rhythm - The space between repeating elements can cause a sense of rhythm to form, similar to the way the space between notes in a musical composition create a rhythm. Rhythms can be used to create a number of feelings. They can create excitement and consistency.
Unity - Unity (also called harmony) is an important principle of design that gives the artwork a sense of cohesion or coherence. It is the wholeness or completeness of a picture. Unity and harmony in art are used by artists to tie a composition together and help the composition make sense as a whole piece of art
43. Pixelation
· Pixelation essentially reduces the image quality when enlarge a photo.
· The pixels cannot compensate for the expansion and the image becomes blurred and distorted.
· Pixels are the small dots that compose a digitized image.
· Attempting to increase the size of a photo effectively reduces the resolution.
44. Free Transform
· The Free Transform command lets you apply transformations such as rotate, scale, skew (making the object slant), distort (unshaped), and perspective to an image or text
· Ctrl + T is the short cut key for free transform
45. Photoshop tools shortcut
A – Path selection and Direct selection tool - used to adjust or move path
B – Brush and Pencil tool - used for drawing images
C – Crop tool – used to crop unwanted portion in an
image
D – Default foreground and background color (Black
and White color)
E – Eraser, Background eraser & Magnetic eraser
tools – used to erase image
F – Full screen mode
G – Gradient & Paint bucket tool
H – Hand tool – used to pan the page when zoomed
I – Eye dropper & Color sampler tool – used to
select color from image
J – Healing brush & Patch tool – used for
retouching the image
K – Slice tool – used to slice the image for web
design
L – Lasso, Polygon lasso & Magnetic lasso - used
for selection
M – Rectangular & Elliptical marquee tool – used
for selection
N – Notes tool & Audio annotation tool – used to
give information to designer
O – Dodge, burn and sponge tool
P – Pen tool – used for selection and creating
shapes
Q – Quick mask mode – used for selection
R – Blur, Sharpen & Smudge tool
S – Clone stamp & Pattern stamp tool
T – Text tool – used to type text information’s
U – Custom shape tool – Default shapes are there
V – Move tool – used to move image
W – Magic wand tool – used for selection
X – Swapping – inter - changing foreground &
background colors
Y – History brush & Art history brush tool
Z – Zoom tool – used to zoom in & Zoom out the
image
46. Layer
· Photoshop layers are like transparent sheets
· Transparent areas on a layer let you see layers below.
· You use layers to perform tasks such as compositing multiple images, adding text to an image, or adding vector graphic shapes.
· You can apply a layer style to add a special effect such as a drop shadow or a glow.
· A new image has a single layer.
47. Layer merge
· Combines visible, linked, or adjacent layers into a single layer is layer merging.
· Flattening an image: Combines all visible layers into a background.
48. Opacity
· Opacity is the extent to which something blocks light.
· It is the amount of creating transparency in an image / layer
49. Layer linking
· To create Layer Links simply select 2 or more layers and click the Link Layers icon (a chain link icon) in the Layers panel.
· With Linked Layers you can move multiple layers whenever you select any individual layer
50. Layer group
· Layer Groups allow you to easily select, move, mask and manipulate multiple layers as a single unit.
51. Layer effects
· Photoshop provides a variety of effects—such as shadows, glows, and bevels—that change the appearance of a layer's contents
· When you move or edit the contents of the layer, the same effects are applied to the modified contents
52. Plug-in
· Plug-in is a computer software that adds new functions to a host program without altering the host program itself.
53. Design stages
Thumbnail Layout
1. Thumbnail
layouts are quick simple sketches used to explore many layout ideas.
2. These
loose sketches are not detailed and only suggest in general outline, how the
design will look,
3. The
images should be sketched in a scaled down proportion of the finished size.
4. The
experienced artist will usually work up several thumbnail sketches before
selecting one to do full size.
Rough Layout
1. The
rough layout is the second step in the planning stage and is prepared from a
thumbnail.
2. The
rough is used to show size and space relationships between copy and white
space.
3. Roughs
are done in the actual size of the ad or a printed piece.
4. The
major ad elements and their placements are indicated with a small amount of detail
5. The
balance, flow and unity of the design are established at this point.
6. Some
of the materials used are markers, pencils, tracing paper, bond paper or
computer.
Comprehensive Layout
1. This
layout is done to actual size and used to show what the finished job will look
like before it goes to press.
2. Traditional
composition were time consuming, and expensive but today the computer makes the
job faster and less expensive.
3. Body
copy is another word for text. In a compositionit is indicated precisely in
designated areas.
54. Cool color and warm color
· Such as blue, green, and purple (violet); evoke a cool feeling because they remind us of things like water or grass.
· Such as red, yellow, and orange; evoke warmth because they remind us of things like the sun or fire.
· Warm colors advance and cool colors go back, affecting the perception of depth.
55. Gradient color
It is the transition between two or more colors. Types of gradient’s are
Linear gradient - Shades from the starting point to the ending point in a straight line.
Radial gradient - Shades from the starting point to the ending point in a circular pattern.
Angle gradient - Shades in a counterclockwise sweep around the starting point.
Reflected gradient - Shades using symmetric linear gradients on either side
of the starting point.
Diamond gradient - Shades
from the starting point outward in a diamond pattern. The ending point defines
one corner of the diamond.
56. Paragraph alignment
Left alignment – Text that is aligned with a left edge.
Right
alignment – Text that is aligned with a right edge.
Center
alignment – Text that is
centered between two edges.
Justified
alignment – Space is added between words so that both edges of each
line are aligned with
both margins. The last line in the paragraph is aligned left.
Forced
justification – Justification is
the alignment of the
top, bottom, sides, or middle of text or
graphic elements on a page. Forced
justification causes all lines of text, regardless of length, to stretch across from margin to
margin.
57. Leading
· It is the vertical space between lines in a paragraph
58. Kerning
· Kerning is defined as the adjustment of space between two individual letters.
· Example – K E R N I N G
59. Superscript
· A superscript is a character that is set slightly above the normal line of type
· It is used in mathematical formula
· Example – A2 + B2 (Here 2 is the superscript)
60. Subscript
· Subscripts appear below the baseline
· It is used in chemical formulas.
· Example – H2O (Here 2 is the subscript)
61. Point
· It is the size of text measured in point (pt) size
· Example – 6pt, 8pt, 24pt, etc
62. Bold
· Bold, bold face, or bold font is any text that looks dark
· It is to help emphasize a remark or comment.
63. Italic
· The font normally slant slightly to the right is italic.
64. Action
· An action is a series of tasks that you play back on a single file or a batch of files—menu commands, panel options, tool actions, and so on.
· For example, you can create an action that changes the size of an image, applies an effect to the image, and then saves the file in the desired format.
65. Filters
· You can use filters to clean up or retouch your photos, apply special art effects that give your image the appearance of a sketch or impressionistic painting, or create unique transformations using distortions and lighting effects.
66. Color balance
· Color balance is the overall adjustment of the intensities of the colors (typically red, green, and blue primary colors).
· Its importance is to render specific colors – particularly neutral colors – correctly.
67. Hue / saturation
· Hue is the color in image.
· Saturation is the intensity, or richness, of that color.
· And lightness controls the brightness value.
68. Layer mask
· Layer masking is a reversible way to hide part of a layer.
· This gives you more editing flexibility than permanently erasing or deleting part of a layer.
· Layer masking is useful for making image composites and cutting out objects for use in other documents.
69. Transparency
· It means no color.
· If it is 100% transparent, we can’t see the image.
· If it's 0% transparent, we can see the image in full color
· If it's in between 0 and 100 (for example 50%), the top layer image and bottom layer image are partially visible.
70. Feather
· Creating a soft edge around a selection is feather
· It is a way to blend images and highlight an object within an image
71. Paper sizes
Size Inches Millimeter
A0 33-1/8 x 46 - 13/16 841 x 1188
A1 23 - 3/8 x 33 - 1/8 549 x 841
A2 16 - 1/2 x 23 - 3/8 420 x 549
A3 11 - 3/4 x 16 - 1/2 297 x 420
A4 8 - 1/4 x 11 - 3/4 210 x 297
A5 5 - 7/8 x 8 - 1/4 148 x 210
A6 4 - 1/8 x 5 - 7/8 105 x 148
A7 2 - 15/16 x 4 - 1/8 74 x 105
A8 2 - 1/16 x 2 - 15/16 52 x 74
S